Bat Conservation International Bats Magazine

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Charting
Bat Migration Along
the Pacific Coast
Project with Saildrone collects bat data using innovative technology
close up of a hoary bat
Hoary Bat
Bat Conservation International logo
Volume 43 • Issue 1
Issue 1 • 2024

Inside this Issue

Bats magazine logo
15
Photo: Michael Durham/Minden Pictures

Features

08Show me the impact

Conservation Evidence sets a foundation for BCI’s work
12Charting bat migration

Project with Saildrone collects bat data using innovative technology

Departments

02Off the Bat

BCI Executive Director Mike Daulton on a victory for the Endangered Florida bonneted bat
06Species Study

Large flying fox
24Bat Chat

Rachel Burke spearheads United States-based agave restoration work for BCI
25Bat Squad

A 13-year-old’s campaign helps make the pallid bat California’s newest symbol
Notes iconRead past issues of Bats Magazine at batcon.org/news/bats-magazine.

news & updates

Photo: Melquisedec Gamba-Rios, Ph.D.
04

3Bat Signals

Conservation news and updates
  • Post-fire habitats in the Gila National Forest
  • Saving Brazilian free-tailed bats
  • Big win for Florida bonneted bats
  • BCI and Zoo Miami in “Ten Stories of Hope”

18Field Notes

Research news from around the globe
  • BCI and USFWS partner on MENTOR-Bat Program
  • Hotel shares wonders of Utah bats
  • Genetic analysis at Chicago’s Field Museum
  • Supporting bat mural projects
Bats Magazine Volume 43, Issue 1 cover
ON THE COVER:
BCI worked with Saildrone and other partners to use innovative technology to record bat sounds off the coast of California.

Image: Courtesy of Saildrone and (inset bat) Michael Durham/Minden Pictures

Off the Bat title typography
A few words of introduction from your friends at Bat Conservation International

What Success Looks Like

by Mike Daulton
As we enter 2024, I am excited about our progress on one project in particular: BCI’s successful efforts to defend the most Endangered bats in America, Florida bonneted bats (Eumops floridanus), from the devastating impacts of a massive, highly controversial water park development in Miami.

After three years of executing our highest priority campaign—sharing our research with decision-makers, partnering with local communities to raise our voices, and filing court challenges against the misguided development plans— we are now celebrating a monumental victory. Miami Wilds’ lease agreement with Miami-Dade County has officially been rescinded.

Masthead

Bat Conservation International logo
Bat Conservation International (BCI) is a 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to protecting bats and their essential habitats around the world. A copy of our current financial statement and registration filed by the organization may be obtained by contacting our office in Austin, Texas, below, or by visiting batcon.org.

Main Office

500 North Capital of Texas Highway, Building 1
Austin, TX 78746
512.327.9721

Managing Editor

Kristen Pope

Chief Editor

Javier Folgar

Contributors

Michelle Donahue / Proofreader

Publication Management GLC, part of Unlock Health

Bats Magazine welcomes queries from writers. Send your article proposal in a brief outline form and a description of any photos, charts, or other graphics to the Editor at pubs@batcon.org.

Members: We welcome your feedback. Please send letters to the Editor to pubs@batcon.org. Changes of address may be sent to members@batcon.org or to BCI at our Austin, Texas, address above. Please allow four weeks for the change of address to take effect.
Board of Directors
Dr. Charles C. Chester,
Chair
Dr. Andrew Sansom,
Vice Chair
Eileen Arbues, Secretary
Dr. Gerald Carter
Gary Dreyzin
Dr. Brock Fenton
Ann George
Danielle Gustafson
Dr. Shahroukh Mistry
Sandy Read
Dr. Nancy Simmons
Jenn Stephens
Science Advisory Committee
Dr. Luis Aguirre
Dr. Enrico Bernard
Dr. Sara Bumrungsri
Dr. Gerald Carter
Dr. Liliana Dávalos
Dr. Brock Fenton
Dr. Tigga Kingston
Dr. Gary McCracken
Dr. Stuart Parsons
Dr. Paul Racey
Dr. Danilo Russo
Dr. Nancy Simmons
Dr. Paul Webala
Senior Staff

Mike Daulton, Executive Director
Mylea Bayless, Chief of Strategic Partnerships
Dr. Winifred Frick, Chief Scientist
Michael Nakamoto, Chief Operations Officer
Kevin Pierson, Chief of Conservation and Global Strategy

Visit BCI’s website at batcon.org and the following social media sites:

BCI updates and conservation news
Bat Signals title typography
Allen’s lappet-browed bat
An Allen’s lappet-browed bat (Idionycteris phyllotis) hibernates in an abandoned underground mine on Bureau of Land Management lands near the Gila National Forest in New Mexico. The species is typically considered a woodland bat, but it goes underground to hibernate. This audible bat echolocates below 15KhZ and it has ears just as large as a spotted bat.
Photo: Dillon Metcalfe
Habitat Protection

Boosting Habitat Post-Fire in the Gila National Forest

Projects focus on landscape-level recovery
In 2022, the Black Fire ravaged 325,000 acres of New Mexico’s Gila National Forest, home to more than two dozen species of bats. The fire burned crucial habitats, including riparian zones, which provide vital foraging habitats and water resources for bats and other wildlife.

BCI recently signed a multi-year agreement with federal partners to restore this area and help this landscape recover. BCI’s Habitat Protection and Restoration Program is working to help make the Gila National Forest more resilient to future events by inventorying, surveying, and implementing restoration projects to build watershed and forest resilience after the fire.

An Allen’s lappet-browed bat (Idionycteris phyllotis) hibernates in an abandoned underground mine on Bureau of Land Management lands near the Gila National Forest in New Mexico. The species is typically considered a woodland bat, but it goes underground to hibernate. This audible bat echolocates below 15KhZ and it has ears just as large as a spotted bat.
Photo: Dillon Metcalfe

Bat Signals

batsignals

Brazilian free-tailed bats
university students wearing standing in front of a cave to watch the bats emerge
University students still dressed up from the signing ceremony attempt to catch a few bats emerging from the cave to show guests at the event.
Photo: Ana Ibarra, Ph.D.

Partnership to Protect 7 million bats in Chihuahua

Multinational effort to save Brazilian free-tailed bats
As the sun dipped below the horizon, seven million bats emerged from an abandoned mine in Chihuahua, Mexico. It was the perfect location for BCI and representatives from the Autonomous University of Chihuahua to sign a “Memorandum of Understanding” committing to working to protect one of the world’s largest colonies of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis).

The October 2023 signing ceremony boosted local efforts by Sergio Luévano, a university professor, and his team, who worked tirelessly to monitor the site and protect it as a priority site for bat conservation. At the ceremony, the university’s president even had the opportunity to hold and release his first bat.

Species Study
There are 1,400+ species of bats in the world. This is one of them.
Pteropus vampyrus in Peninsular Malaysia
bat stats
Bat icon
Binomial

Pteropus vampyrus
Two bats icon
Family

Pteropodidae
Bat Globe icon
Colony Size

Generally, thousands to tens of thousands of individuals
Scale icon
Weight

up to 1.1 kg
Plant leaf icon
Diet

Nectarivorous and Frugivorous
Exclamation Point icon
Status

Endangered
Region

Much of Southeast Asia
map of Southeast Asia
Pteropus vampyrus in Peninsular Malaysia

Large Flying Fox

Engaging local communities to save an Endangered Southeast Asian species
By Annika Hipple
T

he large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) is one of the world’s largest bat species, with a wingspan reaching more than five feet. Unfortunately, it’s also one of the most endangered, having disappeared from much of its historic range at an alarming rate in recent decades.

Originally found throughout much of Southeast Asia, the population decline of this species has occurred without attracting much attention, says Malaysian conservation ecologist Sheema Abdul Aziz, Ph.D., who began studying the large flying fox on the Malay Peninsula after she realized that it had become increasingly scarce. “Because it’s been historically recorded as being so widespread, it was never really considered to be under high threat, yet within the space of just one human generation, it went from being extremely common to suddenly becoming rare,” she says.

Binoculars iconFeature: Conservation Evidence
Conservation Evidence sets a foundation for BCI’s work
By Kristen Pope
BCI scientists in a bat cave with helmets, head lamps, and swabs
wind turbines during sunset with cloudy sky
Christina Tello in a field with measuring tool and cave myotis in her hands while wearing a mask
BCI team in a field setting up mist nets
BCI scientists in a bat cave with helmets, head lamps, and swabs
BCI swabs bats for white-nose syndrome in the Texas Hill Country in March 2022.
Photo: Rachel Harper
wind turbines during sunset with cloudy sky
Conservation Evidence is used in research on bats and wind energy.
Photo: Brian Anschel

Show Me the Impact

Show Me the Impact
Christina Tello in a field with measuring tool and cave myotis in her hands while wearing a mask
Christina Tello measures a cave myotis in Texas.
Photo: Sarah Stankavich
BCI team in a field setting up mist nets
BCI team works on setting mist nets to capture Florida bonneted bats.
Photo: Melquisedec Gamba-Rios, Ph.D.

Show Me the Impact

Show Me the Impact
Conservation Evidence sets a foundation for BCI’s work
By Kristen Pope
W

hen bat scientists want to find the best ways to save bats, looking at previous research is a great way to start. Seeking out what is referred to as “Conservation Evidence” is how researchers can see what we already know, how effective interventions are, and what research gaps are left to fill.

A perusal of the University of Cambridge’s Conservation Evidence website database shows 200 potential actions related to bat conservation. For each of these actions, the Conservation Evidence database compiles and summarizes published scientific studies that measure the effectiveness of each action. The consistency of results and number of studies on an action are then used to rank each action by the evidence. For example, increasing the wind speed at which wind turbine blades begin to spin has a dozen studies with consistent results showing this works to reduce bat fatalities, so it is ranked as “beneficial.” In contrast, using ultrasound to deter bats from wind turbines has only four studies with mixed results, resulting in a rank of “unknown effectiveness.” Other actions, such as installing bat gantries or bat bridges to help bats cross roads and railways, were found unlikely to be beneficial, with three studies providing information. When no studies have been published on a particular action, the database marks these as “no evidence found.“

Compass iconFeature: Saildrone
Hoary Bat Photo: Michael Durham / Minden Pictures

Charting Bat Migration Along the Pacific Coast

a Hoary bat, with its mouth opened wide and showing small sharp teeth, in mid-flight
Charting Bat Migration Along the Pacific Coast typography

Partnership with Saildrone collects bat data using innovative technology

By Kristen Pope

red compass icon BCI and partners mounted a bat detector on a Saildrone autonomous vehicle and launched it near Northern California’s Farallon Islands in August 2023. Sailing offshore, the drone collected bat echolocation data for over a month.
Courtesy: Saildrone
Partnership with Saildrone collects bat data using innovative technology
By Kristen Pope
N

ear Northern California’s Farallon Islands, a hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) swooped low over the ocean and emitted an echolocation call. While no humans were nearby to hear it, a bat detector mounted on a Saildrone Explorer autonomous research vehicle recorded the sound, one of hundreds of data points BCI recently collected in a pilot project to assess the viability of collecting bat data offshore using these devices.

In September and early October 2023, the Saildrone-mounted detector recorded more than 800 bat echolocation calls during a collaborative project involving BCI, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), and other partners. The researchers wanted to learn more about how many bats fly off California’s coast, especially in areas that may see wind turbine technology development, which is responsible for hundreds of thousands of bat fatalities a year on land.

Field notes Research news from around the globe
Juliana Herrera, Fellow
Photo: Juliana Herrera

Mentor Program Builds Capacity for Conservation Success

BCI and USFWS partner on MENTOR-Bat Program
By Fiona Tapp
This spring, BCI and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) are partnering to welcome a cohort of participants to the MENTOR-Bat Program, which aims to address significant threats to bat populations and their habitats.
Leveraging the USFWS MENTOR Model, the program brings trans-disciplinary teams of three Fellows and one Mentor from Cameroon, Indonesia, and Colombia. This 18-month commitment, starting in April 2024 and concluding in September 2025, combines experiential learning, direct mentorship, virtual learning, and participation in existing bat conservation networks. The program is unique in its focus on strengthening the capacity for relating bat conservation and One Health initiatives. One Health is an approach focusing on the interconnections between people, plants, animals, and the environment, and it focuses on a collaborative and trans-disciplinary approach for optimal health outcomes.
fieldnotes
The Moab Resort in Utah
The Moab Resort
Photo: WorldMark by Wyndham

Bats Welcome Here

How one BCI member hotel shares the wonders of bats
By Jill Robbins
The concept of a bat-forward hotel is uncommon. One property located near Arches National Park in Utah has made the property a haven for bats and launched a bat education program to benefit guests and local wildlife.

Although the more than a dozen species of bats that call Moab home play an essential role in the area’s ecosystem, they initially weren’t welcomed as part of the landscape at The Moab Resort, WorldMark Associate. However, the resort’s maintenance manager, the late John Thomas, set out to change that.

fieldnotes

From the Mountains of Cameroon to the Labs of Chicago

Graduate student travels to Field Museum to learn genetic analysis
By Katie Brown
two people taking a wing punch sample from a live bat
Franck Meyo and Amanda Grunwald near Akono II, Cameroon taking a wing punch sample from a live bat (later released) for molecular analyses.
Photo: Courtney Volk
During her first field visit to Cameroon’s Mbam Minkom Massif region, Amanda Grunwald’s team identified a bat species new to science called Pseudoromicia mbamminkom. Grunwald, a graduate student at Portland State University, was determined to learn more. Preliminary surveys indicated more work was needed in this mountainous region. “We did not even come close to covering the diversity in the area,” Grunwald says.

When she returned to Oregon, Grunwald began raising funds to conduct a biodiversity survey, intending to involve as many Cameroonian students as possible in her Ph.D. research. After connecting with Cameroon’s top bat biologist—Eric Moise Bakwo Fils, Ph.D.—she was introduced to Franck Meyo, who was equally enthusiastic about bats. Meyo had just completed his master’s degree at the University of Douala and is now working towards his doctorate at the same institution.

fieldnotes

Images

Artists Create Bat Murals in New Mexico

BCI supports bat mural projects
I

n New Mexico, artists picked up their paints and brought their nature visions to life on a grand scale, creating murals featuring Endangered nectar-feeding bats. In honor of the 50th anniversary of the Endangered Species Act, BCI supported two New Mexico mural projects depicting these incredible bats and other Endangered wildlife. BCI assisted with funding and providing images of bats and agaves for artists to reference.

Chelenzo Farms is located outside of the city of Santa Fe in the high mountain desert of Cerrillos, New Mexico. Lorenzo Dominguez and Dr. Chelsea Hollander own the regenerative farm and hacienda, and they sought support from Mexican muralist HOKZYN to create a mural depicting Mayáhuel, Aztec goddess of maguey, the Nahuatl name for the sacred agave plant, surrounded by two Mexican long-nosed bats (Leptonycteris nivalis) pollinating the agave flowers. The artwork was revealed last summer at a sunset grand opening, which brought the community together to celebrate the mural and the conservation of wildlife species.

Milo looking up at a painting of a Mexican long-nosed bat flying above a field of agave
Milo, son of the farm’s owners, admires the painting of the Mexican long-nosed bat flying above a field of agave.
Photo: Chelenzo Farms
Bat Chat A Conversation with a noted expert
Rachel Burke monitoring agave phenology during graduate school with her dog Sadie.
Rachel Burke sitting in grass with her and with a clipboard and pencil looking up
Rachel Burke monitoring agave phenology during graduate school with her dog Sadie.
Photo: Joshua Jasso

Restoring Agave to Save Bats

Rachel Burke leads U.S.-based agave restoration work for BCI
B

CI’s Agave Restoration Coordinator, Rachel Burke, collaborates with stakeholders to lead United States-based agave restoration work. Before joining BCI in November 2023, Burke worked in wildlife habitat conservation for state and federal agencies, including the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the U.S. Forest Service. Her graduate thesis work at New Mexico State University focused on building models of bat habitat and seasonal nectar availability in bat migration corridors. Now, her work at BCI focuses on the same nectar bats.

What is a typical day like for you as Agave Restoration Coordinator?

I get to do a little bit of everything when it comes to habitat work for nectar-feeding bats in the southwestern U.S. I spend most of my time digging into agave suitability and soil maps to plan and prioritize agave planting sites, coordinating with restoration nurseries for expanding our agave grow-out efforts and building relationships with landowners and land managers. We are coordinating migratory corridor monitoring along potential migratory pathways for nectar- feeding bats where we collect environmental DNA (eDNA) from flowering agaves and hummingbird feeders in potential foraging areas, so I spend quite a bit of time strategizing field surveys for that effort.
Bat Squad For the young conservartionist
group photo of three women smiling together while the woman in the middle holds a small bat
Naomi d’Alessio (left) gives a tour of a bat roost to State Senator Caroline Menjivar (right) along with bat conservationist Corky Quirk (center, holding a pallid bat).
Photo: Matthew d’Alessio

Teen Lobbies for State Bat

A 13-year-old California girl successfully advocates for pallid bat as a state symbol
By Fiona Tapp
N

aomi d’Alessio has always loved bats, and she’s had more experience with bats than most adults. She attended a bat conservation and ecology class at San Francisco State University’s Sierra Nevada Field Campus as an observer, and enjoyed it so much that she got her rabies vaccine so she could take the class again as a hands-on participant, handling pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus).

Using mist nets to capture bats, see them up close, record data, and then release them, was thrilling for d’Alessio, who is in 7th grade. She loved the opportunity to see them up close. “In your hands, you see just how small they are,” she says. “That was definitely a surprise.”

Photo: Josh Hydeman
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